Where Things Stand: October 2026
A handful of states now have laws aimed at 3D-printed guns. They target guns, gun parts and gun files, not everyday printing.
Washington’s HB 2320 has been in effect since March 24, 2026. It bars making frames or receivers on a 3D printer or CNC mill unless you’re a federally licensed manufacturer, and it restricts sharing gun files. The printer-blocking bill, HB 2321, never got a hearing. It died when the session ended in March.
Colorado’s HB 26-1144 took effect July 1, 2026. It bans printing or milling guns and certain gun parts without a federal license. The file-sharing ban was cut before it passed.
New York’s new 3D printing crimes took effect August 25, 2026. Sharing gun files with unlicensed people is a misdemeanor, and making a ghost gun is a felony. The printer-blocking rule isn’t in effect. A state working group has to decide first whether the tech is even feasible.
California’s AB 2047 was signed September 26, 2026. Its blocking rule only kicks in if ASTM publishes an industry standard, and if none exists by July 1, 2029, the state can stop checking. The final version has no printer roster and no crime for modifying your own machine.
Federally, the 3D Printed Gun Safety Act hasn’t moved since June 2025.
Last checked October 13, 2026 against each bill’s official page. This changes fast, so check the official links below before you act on anything here.
Legislative Status Map — United States
Signed into law
Active legislation
No active legislation
Washington
Signed Law
HB 2320
In effect: March 24, 2026
Bars making frames or receivers on a 3D printer or CNC mill without a federal manufacturer license. Restricts sharing gun files.
Colorado
Signed Law
HB 26-1144
In effect since July 1, 2026
Covers CNC milling too. The file-sharing ban was cut before it passed.
New York
Signed Law
S9005-C / A10005-C
Signed: May 27, 2026 (Chapter 55)
File and manufacturing offenses in effect since Aug 25, 2026. File offenses are misdemeanors. Printer-blocking rule not in effect.
California
Signed Law
AB 2047
Signed Sept 26, 2026 · Effective Jan 1, 2027
Printer-blocking rule only applies if ASTM publishes a standard. Doesn’t touch printers you already own.
Signed into law
Washington State
HB 2320 · Chapter 203, 2026 Laws
Law · In Effect
Ghost Gun Manufacturing Ban — 3D Printers & CNC Machines
Signed byGovernor Bob Ferguson
EffectiveMarch 24, 2026 — already in effect
ProhibitsMaking frames or receivers (including unfinished ones) with a 3D printer or CNC mill unless you’re a federally licensed manufacturer. First violation is a $500 civil infraction.
File ruleBars selling or sharing gun files with people who aren’t licensed, and possessing them with intent to distribute or make guns
CompanionHB 2321 (printer blocking) died in committee. It never got a hearing, and the session ended March 12, 2026. It is not law.
↗ app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=2320&Year=2025
Also verified by: Everytown · NRA-ILA · BillTrack50 · Seattle Medium · NW Firearms
Signed into law
Colorado
HB 26-1144 · Chapter 94 · Signed May 4, 2026
Law · In Effect
Prohibit 3D Printing Firearms & Components — SIGNED INTO LAW
Signed byGovernor Jared Polis · May 4, 2026
EffectiveJuly 1, 2026 · in effect now
ProhibitsKnowingly making a functional firearm, unfinished frame or receiver, large-capacity magazine or rapid-fire device by 3D printing (CNC included) without a federal license. Props are excluded.
ExemptFederally licensed manufacturers and accredited gunsmithing programs
PenaltiesClass 1 misdemeanor (1st offense) · Class 5 felony (repeat). The bill sets no separate fine.
Definition“3D printing” includes CNC milling (subtractive). It only matters when you’re making one of the items above.
File provisionStripped before passage after Polis veto threat (1st Amendment). Sponsors vow return under new governor in 2027.
↗ leg.colorado.gov/bills/HB26-1144
Also verified by: Legiscan · Aspen Times · Denver Post · NRA-ILA · guns.com
Colorado HB 26-1144 — Legislative Timeline
March 2, 2026
House passed · Vote 40–25
March 30, 2026
Senate passed · Vote 23–12
April 2, 2026
House concurred in Senate amendments · Vote 44–19
April 23, 2026
Transmitted to Governor Polis for signature
May 4, 2026
SIGNED INTO LAW by Governor Polis
July 1, 2026
Law takes effect
2027
Sponsors vow to reintroduce digital file provision under new governor
New York
S9005-C / A10005-C · FY2027 Budget · Part C · Chapter 55 · Signed May 27, 2026
Law · Signed
Gun File Crimes Now in Effect. Printer-Blocking Rule Still Years Away.
Signed byGovernor Kathy Hochul · May 27, 2026
Blocking techIn the future, printers sold in NY (additive and subtractive) would need tech that blocks printing guns or gun parts. Not in effect.
Civil penaltyUp to $5,000 per product for gun-industry members who break it, once the rule exists. Plus Attorney General and private lawsuits.
Working groupDCJS, the Department of State and SUNY had to convene a working group within 90 days (by about Aug 25, 2026). It has a year to recommend standards, DCJS then has 9 months to write rules, and the sales ban starts a year after that. If the tech isn’t feasible, no rules are required.
§265.10(11)Selling or sharing digital gun files with someone who lacks both a NY gunsmith license and a federal firearms license → Class A misdemeanor
§265.10(12)Possessing gun files with intent to illegally make guns, or to share them with prohibited or unlicensed people in NY → Class A misdemeanor
ManufactureMaking a ghost gun or major firearm component → Class D felony (§265.10(1))
The file and manufacturing offenses took effect August 25, 2026. File offenses are misdemeanors, not felonies. The printer-blocking rule is not in effect.
↗ nyassembly.gov/leg/?bn=A10005&term=2025 (bill text and actions)
Also verified by: City & State NY · EFF · Everytown · The Reload · Gov. Hochul press release
New York FY2027 Budget — 3D Printing Timeline
Jan 2026
Gov. Hochul proposes 3D printing provisions in executive budget
May 21, 2026
Legislature passes S.9005-C / A.10005-C
May 27, 2026
SIGNED INTO LAW by Governor Hochul (Chapter 55)
Aug 25, 2026
File and manufacturing offenses take effect
Next
Working group recommends standards within a year of convening. Then DCJS rules, then a sales ban a year later. No public record yet that the group has met.
California
AB 2047 · Chapter 461, Statutes of 2026 · CA Firearm Printing Prevention Act
Law · Signed
A Printer-Blocking Rule That Only Kicks In If an Industry Standard Appears
Signed byGovernor Gavin Newsom · September 26, 2026
EffectiveJanuary 1, 2027
How it worksStarting no later than July 1, 2027, the state DOJ checks every quarter whether ASTM has published a firearm-blocking standard for 3D printers.
If one appearsDOJ has 24 months to issue guidance or rules. Selling printers that don’t comply becomes unlawful 1 year after that.
If none appearsIf ASTM hasn’t published one by July 1, 2029, DOJ can stop checking.
CoversSales of additive 3D printers only. It doesn’t touch printers people already own.
ExemptPrinters used only for entertainment-industry props
Not in the final lawThe DOJ printer roster, the July 2028 sales deadline, the crime for modifying your own printer and the $25,000 penalty were all in earlier drafts. None made it into the signed version.
Open sourceHow open-source firmware and slicers would be treated is unknown until DOJ writes rules.
EFF (April draft)Warned the earlier bill would create DRM infrastructure: manufacturer lock-in, planned obsolescence and resale problems
Prusa Research“Your printer is a tool for your own creativity, not a device that should be locked down or surveilled.” Prusa staff statement, February 2026
↗ leginfo.legislature.ca.gov (Chapter 461, Statutes of 2026)
Also verified by: Governor’s office release, September 26, 2026
California AB 2047 · Timeline
Feb 17, 2026
Introduced by Assemblymember Bauer-Kahan
May 26, 2026
Passed the Assembly · Vote 58–19
Aug 31, 2026
Passed the Senate 29–10 · Assembly concurred 60–18
Sept 26, 2026
SIGNED INTO LAW by Governor Newsom (Chapter 461)
Jan 1, 2027
Law takes effect
By July 1, 2027
DOJ starts quarterly checks for an ASTM standard
July 1, 2029
If no standard exists by now, DOJ can stop checking
Died in committee & things to watch
New York
Assembly Bill A2228 · Separate standalone bill
Died in Committee
FBI Fingerprinting + Background Check to Purchase Any 3D Printer
SponsorAssemblywoman Jennifer Rajkumar
Co-sponsorCatalina Cruz
RequirementWould have required FBI fingerprinting and a background check before buying a printer “capable of printing a firearm”
Wait periodUp to 15 business days for written eligibility determination
Definition“A computer or computer-driven machine or device capable of producing a three-dimensional object from a digital model” — every printer on the market qualifies
StatusNever left the Codes Committee (last action Jan 7, 2026). It died when the 2026 session ended. It would need to be reintroduced in 2027.
↗ nyassembly.gov/leg/?bn=A02228&term=2025
Courts & other states
Cases and laws worth knowing about
Watch list
What Else Moved in 2026
Supreme CourtDefense Distributed v. Davenport (No. 26-184) challenges New Jersey’s ban on distributing gun files. The Court asked New Jersey to respond by October 26, 2026. It hasn’t decided whether to hear the case.
Texas courtOn August 17, 2026, Judge Reed O’Connor ruled key parts of the ATF’s 2022 “ghost gun” frame and receiver rule unconstitutional. Reports say the relief is limited to the plaintiffs. Whether it’ll be appealed isn’t known yet.
San DiegoSan Diego County sued filament maker Polymaker on October 5, 2026, alleging some products were marketed to people building untraceable guns. These are allegations. No court has ruled.
New JerseyPossessing digital gun files with intent to make a gun, without a license to manufacture, is a fourth-degree crime. In effect since January 12, 2026.
VirginiaHB 40 bans making, selling or transferring unserialized guns and unfinished frames or receivers from January 1, 2027, and possessing them from July 1, 2027. That includes printed guns without serial numbers.
↗ supremecourt.gov docket 26-184
Federal
Federal
NDAA FY2026 · S.1071 · Public Law 119-60
Signed · DoD Only
Defense Department 3D Printer Purchasing Limits (No Hobbyist Impact)
SignedDecember 18, 2025 · President Trump
ScopeDepartment of Defense only — not hobbyist-facing
ProhibitionStarting December 18, 2026, DoD can’t contract for additive manufacturing machines from companies based in or controlled by China, Russia, Iran or North Korea, or on federal screening lists (Sec. 849)
Key angleUS government WANTS more 3D printing — just not from China. National security, not public safety.
↗ congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071
Federal
H.R. 4143 · S. 2165 · “3D Printed Gun Safety Act of 2025”
Judiciary Committee
Federal Ban on Online Distribution of Firearm CAD Files
IntroducedJune 25, 2025 — both chambers simultaneously
House sponsorRep. Moskowitz (D-FL)
Senate leadSen. Markey + 23 cosponsors
StatusBoth still in Judiciary Committee. No action since June 25, 2025.
↗ congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/4143/text
How to Contact Your State Legislature
California
Signed law: what’s next
1
Know what it does
AB 2047 is law, but nothing changes for buyers until an ASTM standard exists and DOJ writes rules. Printers you already own aren’t affected.
2
Watch for DOJ’s process
If ASTM publishes a standard, DOJ has to issue guidance or rules. That’s the next chance to weigh in. We’ll update this page if it happens.
3
Contact your legislators
You can still tell your Assemblymember and State Senator what you think. Find them at findyourrep.legislature.ca.gov.
Find your rep: findyourrep.legislature.ca.gov
New York
File offenses in effect since Aug 25, 2026
1
Understand the current law
Signed May 27, 2026 (Chapter 55). The file offenses in Penal Law §265.10(11) and (12) took effect August 25, 2026. They’re Class A misdemeanors. The printer-blocking rule isn’t in effect.
2
Read §265.10(11) and (12)
If you share design files online, even legal ones, know what these sections cover. The EFF breakdown is in the resources below.
3
Track the working group
DCJS, the Department of State and SUNY must recommend blocking standards within a year of convening. Follow nysenate.gov for updates. A2228, the fingerprint bill, died in committee.
Find your rep: nyassembly.gov/mem · nysenate.gov
Colorado
1
HB 26-1144 is now law
Signed May 4, 2026. In effect since July 1, 2026. Making guns or certain gun parts by 3D printing or CNC milling without a federal license is now illegal in Colorado.
2
CNC operators — pay attention
The law’s definition of “3D printing” includes CNC milling. It only applies when you’re making a functional gun, an unfinished frame or receiver, a large-capacity magazine or a rapid-fire device.
3
Oppose the 2027 file provision
Sponsors vow to reintroduce the digital file possession provision in 2027. Find your rep at leg.colorado.gov/find-my-legislator and tell them you oppose criminalizing CAD file possession.
Find your rep: leg.colorado.gov/find-my-legislator
Washington
1
HB 2320 is already law
Signed March 24, 2026. Making gun frames or receivers on a 3D printer or CNC mill without a federal manufacturer’s license is now illegal in Washington, and so is sharing gun files with unlicensed people.
2
HB 2321 is dead
The printer-blocking bill never got a hearing and died when the session ended in March. Watch for a new version when bills are prefiled for 2027.
3
Find your WA legislator
Go to app.leg.wa.gov/districtfinder — enter your address to find your House and Senate representatives.
Find your rep: app.leg.wa.gov/districtfinder
Resources & Action Links
| Resource | URL | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| EFF Permission to Print — Part 1 | eff.org/deeplinks/2026/04/print-blocking-anti-consumer-permission-print-part-1 | DRM & anti-consumer risks |
| EFF Permission to Print — Part 2 | eff.org/deeplinks/2026/04/print-blocking-wont-work-permission-print-part-2 | Why blocking tech cannot work |
| EFF Permission to Print — Part 3 | eff.org/deeplinks/2026/04/dangers-californias-legislation-censor-3d-printing | California AB 2047 deep dive |
| EFF New York Action Alert | eff.org/deeplinks/2026/04/stop-new-yorks-attack-3d-printing | Contact your NY rep |
| Additive Manufacturing Coalition | addmfgcoalition.org | Federal advocacy |
| WA HB2320 official text | app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=2320&Year=2025 | Signed law — Washington |
| CO HB26-1144 official text | leg.colorado.gov/bills/HB26-1144 | Signed law — effective July 1, 2026 |
| CA AB 2047 bill tracker | legiscan.com/CA/bill/AB2047/2025 | Vote history & committee status |
| CA AB 2047 official text | leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB2047 | Chapter 461, Statutes of 2026 |
| NY S9005-C / A10005-C (Chapter 55) | nyassembly.gov/leg/?bn=A10005&term=2025 | Signed law: bill text and actions |
| NY A2228 official text | nyassembly.gov/leg/?bn=A02228&term=2025 | Background check bill (died in committee) |
| GeekWire — Glowforge CEO | geekwire.com/2026/proposals-take-aim-at-3d-printing-tech… | Dan Shapiro quote — Jan 2026 |
| The Trace — NY coverage | thetrace.org/2026/04/3d-printed-guns-new-york-city-da | NYPD data + DA Bragg |
| FY2026 NDAA (Public Law 119-60) | congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071 | Sec. 849: DoD 3D printer purchasing |
| Defense Distributed v. Davenport | supremecourt.gov docket 26-184 | Supreme Court petition on NJ file ban |
| e-NABLE prosthetics | enablingthefuture.org | Legitimate use case source |
For informational purposes only. Bill statuses change rapidly — always verify at official state legislature websites before citing or acting on this information. Planet 3DP is not a legal organization and this is not legal advice. Verified October 8, 2026.